The Mercator Map Problem: How Big Are Countries Really?

How map projection distortion warps our sense of geography — and how to correct it.

Pull up any world map and look at Greenland. It looks enormous — roughly the same size as Africa. Now consider this: Africa is 14 times larger. Not a little bigger. Fourteen times. The standard Mercator projection, designed in 1569 to help sailors navigate, stretches landmasses near the poles and shrinks those near the equator. We kept using it for everything — classrooms, news graphics, Google Maps — and it quietly warped our sense of how big places actually are.

Africa vs Greenland
14x
larger in reality
Russia on Mercator
2x
inflated vs real area
Africa's Real Area
30.4M
km² — fits US, China, India & Europe
Mercator Invented
1569
and still the default

The Real Size of Africa

This is the example that breaks most people's brains. You could fit the United States, China, India, Japan, and most of Europe inside Africa and still have room left over. On a Mercator map it looks comparable to Greenland. In reality it's 1.8 times Russia and about 14 times Greenland.

Africa vs Brazil real size comparison — the true size of Africa

Africa overlaid on Brazil at the same scale. See the full comparison →

How Bad Is the Distortion?

The further from the equator, the more Mercator inflates a country's apparent size. Countries near the equator get the opposite treatment.

Territory Actual Area (km²) Mercator Distortion Compare
Greenland 2,166,086 ~16x inflated vs DR Congo →
Russia 17,098,242 ~2x inflated vs Brazil →
Canada 9,984,670 ~1.6x inflated vs Australia →
AFAfrica (continent) 30,370,000 Shrunk ~0.6x vs N. America →
India 3,287,263 Shrunk ~0.7x vs Greenland →

A few more that catch people off guard: India is 50% larger than Greenland (1.4 billion people vs 56,000). Brazil is almost exactly the size of the contiguous US. Australia is wider than the distance from London to Moscow. Here's what Greenland actually looks like next to India:

Greenland vs India real size comparison

Greenland overlaid on India. India is 50% larger. See the full comparison →

See the Actual Sizes

Our interactive map lets you drag any country, state, or continent onto a globe, overlay it on another region, rotate it, and compare at real scale with projection distortion removed. Add as many as you want — geography teachers use it in classrooms, and it's surprisingly hard to stop once you start.

Want it on your phone? The MapSize app has the same drag-and-drop interface — free on both platforms.

MyLifeElsewhere
Published February 2026