Palau is about 314 times smaller than Illinois.

Illinois is approximately 143,961 sq km, while Palau is approximately 459 sq km, making Palau 0.32% the size of Illinois. Meanwhile, the population of Illinois is ~12.8 million people (12.8 million fewer people live in Palau).
Tip: This to-scale comparison of Illinois vs. Palau uses the Mercator projection, which distorts the size of regions near the poles.