Mongolia is about 1.7 times smaller than Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan is approximately 2,724,900 sq km, while Mongolia is approximately 1,564,116 sq km, making Mongolia 57.4% the size of Kazakhstan. Meanwhile, the population of Kazakhstan is ~19.4 million people (16.2 million fewer people live in Mongolia).
This to-scale comparison of Kazakhstan vs. Mongolia uses the Mercator projection, which distorts the size of regions near the poles. Learn more.

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